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Innate immune responses in RNA viral infection

Qian Xu, Yuting Tang, Gang Huang

Frontiers of Medicine 2021, Volume 15, Issue 3,   Pages 333-346 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0776-7

Abstract: infection, the intercellular transfer of pathogen and host-derived materials and their epigenetic and metabolic

Keywords： innate immune     viral infection     intercellular signaling     metabolic changes     epigenetic changes    

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New insights into different surfactants’ impacts on sludge fermentation: Focusing on the particular metabolic

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 8, doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1527-6

Abstract:

• The promoting effects for VFA generation follow the order of APG>SDBS>HTAB.

Keywords： Waste activated sludge (WAS)     Volatile fatty acids (VFA)     Surfactant types     Functional microorganisms     Metabolic    

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Metabolic hypertension: concept and practice

Zhiming Zhu, Peijian Wang, Shuangtao Ma

Frontiers of Medicine 2013, Volume 7, Issue 2,   Pages 201-206 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0264-4

Abstract: More than 60% of the risk factors for hypertension are associated with metabolic disturbances.Metabolic abnormalities increase the risk for hypertension and cause high blood pressure.Improving metabolic disturbances is beneficial for hypertension treatment.Due to the importance of metabolic abnormalities in the pathogenesis of hypertension, we propose a conceptof metabolic hypertension.

Keywords： hypertension     cardiometabolic risk factors     metabolic abnormalities    

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Cellular changes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in hyperoxia-induced lung injury

HE Xinbiao, ZHAO Wei

Frontiers of Medicine 2008, Volume 2, Issue 4,   Pages 370-373 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0071-5

Abstract: It is well known that high concentration oxygen exposure is a model of acute lung injury (ALI). However, controversy exists over the mechanism. This study was designed to clarify the cellular characteristics in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and body weight loss of rats exposed to oxygen(> 90%). Young male Wistar rats, aged 6 weeks, were divided into three groups: (1) room air group (exposed to room air, = 22); (2) hyperoxia < 48 h group (exposed to over 90% oxygen for less than 48 h, = 18); (3) hyperoxia 66–72 h group (exposed to over 90% oxygen for 66–72 h group, = 7). Compared to the room air group, the total cell counts in the hyperoxia 66–72 h group decreased, whereas the neutrophils increased significantly. The body weights of the rats exposed to room air continued to increase. However, the body weights of oxygen-exposed rats increased slightly on the first day and weight loss was seen from the second day. All rats were noted to have bilateral pleural effusion in the hyperoxia 66–72 h group. The data suggests that (1) an increase in neutrophil count is an evident feature of hyperoxia-induced lung injury; (2) high concentration oxygen exposure can give rise to anorexia and malnutrition, which may play a role in hyperoxia-induced lung injury. Blocking neutrophil influx into lung tissue in the early phase and improving malnutrition are two effective methods to reduce hyperoxic lung injury.
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Beneficial metabolic activities of inflammatory cytokine interleukin 15 in obesity and type 2 diabetes

Jianping Ye

Frontiers of Medicine 2015, Volume 9, Issue 2,   Pages 139-145 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0377-z

Abstract:

In obesity, chronic inflammation is believed to induce insulin resistance and impairs adipose tissue function. Although this view is supported by a large body of literature, it has been challenged by growing evidence that pro-inflammatory cytokines may favor insulin sensitivity through induction of energy expenditure. In this review article, interleukin 15 (IL-15) is used as a new example to explain the beneficial effects of the pro-inflammatory cytokines. IL-15 is secreted by multiple types of cells including macrophages, neutrophils and skeletal muscle cells. IL-15 expression is induced in immune cells by endotoxin and in muscle cells by physical exercise. Its transcription is induced by transcription factor NF-κB. IL-15 binds to its receptor that contains three different subunits (α, β and γ) to activate JAK/STAT, PI3K/Akt, IKK/NF-κB and JNK/AP1 pathways in cells. In the regulation of metabolism, IL-15 reduces weight gain without inhibiting food intake in rodents. IL-15 suppresses lipogenesis, stimulates brown fat function, improves insulin sensitivity through weight loss and energy expenditure. In human, circulating IL-15 is negatively associated with body weight. In the immune system, IL-15 stimulates proliferation and differentiation of T cells, NK cells, monocytes and neutrophils. In the anti-obesity effects of IL-15, T cells and NK cells are not required, but leptin receptor is required. In summary, evidence from human and rodents supports that the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-15 may enhance energy expenditure to protect the body from obesity and type 2 diabetes. The mechanism of IL-15 action remains to be fully uncovered in the regulation of energy expenditure.

Keywords： inflammation     obesity     cytokine     energy expenditure     insulin resistance    

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electron transfer and its application in dictating routes of biochemical processes associated with metabolic

Frontiers of Medicine 2021, Volume 15, Issue 5,   Pages 679-692 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0866-1

Abstract: Metabolic reprogramming, such as abnormal utilization of glucose, addiction to glutamine, and increasedelectron transfer (PET), which is used to characterize the degree of electron redistribution coupled with metabolicin a cellular context, the enforced selective reprogramming could be predicted by examining the net changesEnabling electron transfer could drive metabolic reprogramming in cancer metabolism.

Keywords： metabolic reprogramming     potential of electron transfer     cell proliferation     aerobic glycolysis     cancer    

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Fibroblast growth factor 21: a novel metabolic regulator from pharmacology to physiology

Huating Li, Jing Zhang, Weiping Jia

Frontiers of Medicine 2013, Volume 7, Issue 1,   Pages 25-30 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0244-8

Abstract: relevance of FGF21 in humans is still unclear, and the basis and consequences of increased FGF21 in metabolicpharmacological actions and physiological roles make FGF21 attractive drug candidates for treating metabolic

Keywords： FGF21     metabolism     pharmacology     physiology     clinical relevance    

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Elucidate long-term changes of ozone in Shanghai based on an integrated machine learning method

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 11, doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1738-5

Abstract: List>

● A novel integrated machine learning method to analyze O3 changes

Keywords： Ozone     Integrated method     Machine learning    

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Metformin and metabolic diseases: a focus on hepatic aspects

Juan Zheng,Shih-Lung Woo,Xiang Hu,Rachel Botchlett,Lulu Chen,Yuqing Huo,Chaodong Wu

Frontiers of Medicine 2015, Volume 9, Issue 2,   Pages 173-186 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0384-0

Abstract:

Metformin has been widely used as a first-line anti-diabetic medicine for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). As a drug that primarily targets the liver, metformin suppresses hepatic glucose production (HGP), serving as the main mechanism by which metformin improves hyperglycemia of T2D. Biochemically, metformin suppresses gluconeogenesis and stimulates glycolysis. Metformin also inhibits glycogenolysis, which is a pathway that critically contributes to elevated HGP. While generating beneficial effects on hyperglycemia, metformin also improves insulin resistance and corrects dyslipidemia in patients with T2D. These beneficial effects of metformin implicate a role for metformin in managing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. As supported by the results from both human and animal studies, metformin improves hepatic steatosis and suppresses liver inflammation. Mechanistically, the beneficial effects of metformin on hepatic aspects are mediated through both adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent and AMPK-independent pathways. In addition, metformin is generally safe and may also benefit patients with other chronic liver diseases.

Keywords： metformin     diabetes     hepatic steatosis     inflammatory response     insulin resistance    

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denitrification system with short-term pyridine exposure: Process capability, inhibition kinetics and metabolic

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 6, doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1433-3

Abstract:

• Short-term effect of the pyridine exposure on the SAD process was investigated.

Keywords： Anammox     Inhibition     Metabolic pathway     Microbial community     Pyridine     SAD    

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Water-dispersible nano-pollutions reshape microbial metabolism in type-specific manners: A metabolic

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 9, doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1548-1

Abstract:

• Water-dispersible nano-pollutions exhibit type-specific toxic effects on E. coli.

Keywords： Nano-toxicity     Nano-plastics     Quantum dots     Microbial metabolite     Metabolic dysregulation    

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The FGF metabolic axis

Xiaokun Li

Frontiers of Medicine 2019, Volume 13, Issue 5,   Pages 511-530 doi: 10.1007/s11684-019-0711-y

Abstract: Members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family play pleiotropic roles in cellular and metabolicFGF19 metabolic axis from the ileum to liver negatively controls diurnal bile acid biosynthesis.FGF21 metabolic axes play multifaceted roles in controlling the homeostasis of lipid, glucose, and energyFGF23 axes from the bone to kidney and parathyroid regulate metabolic homeostasis of phosphate, calciumThus, the term “FGF Metabolic Axis,” which distinguishes the unique pathways and functions of endocrine

Keywords： FGF19     FGF21     FGF23     FGFR     metabolism     endocrine     Klotho    

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From gut changes to type 2 diabetes remission after gastric bypass surgeries

Bing Li, Xinrong Zhou, Jiarui Wu, Huarong Zhou

Frontiers of Medicine 2013, Volume 7, Issue 2,   Pages 191-200 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0258-2

Abstract: potential mechanisms underlying the above relationship: gut anatomical rearrangement, microbial composition changesHowever, the exact changes and their relative importance in the metabolic improvements after gastricElucidating the precise metabolic mechanisms of T2DM resolution after bypass surgery will help to reveal

Keywords： gastric bypass     T2DM     gut    

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Study on microbial protein and the mechanism of solid-state fermentation with periodical dynamic changes

FU Xiaoguo, CHEN Hongzhang, LI Hongqiang, MA Runyu

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2007, Volume 1, Issue 2,   Pages 113-117 doi: 10.1007/s11705-007-0021-9

Abstract: microbial protein obtained from solid-state fermentation (SSF) and the effect of periodical dynamic changesThe mechanism of solid-state fermentation with periodical dynamic changes of air is also discussed.Compared with static solid-state fermentation, periodical dynamic changes of air afford a higher proteinactivity of the microbial extracellular protein in solid-state fermentation with periodical dynamic changesof air on the fifth day is nearly equal to that on the sixth day without periodical dynamic changes
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Regulation of T cell immunity by cellular metabolism

Zhilin Hu, Qiang Zou, Bing Su

Frontiers of Medicine 2018, Volume 12, Issue 4,   Pages 463-472 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0668-2

Abstract: Specific metabolic programs are tightly controlled to mediate T cell immune responses, and alterationsIn this review, we will summarize the main T cell metabolic pathways and the important factors participatingin T cell metabolic programming during T cell homeostasis, differentiation, and function.

Keywords： T cell immunity     metabolic pathways     nutrient uptake     metabolic checkpoints    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Innate immune responses in RNA viral infection

Qian Xu, Yuting Tang, Gang Huang

Journal Article

New insights into different surfactants’ impacts on sludge fermentation: Focusing on the particular metabolic

Journal Article

Metabolic hypertension: concept and practice

Zhiming Zhu, Peijian Wang, Shuangtao Ma

Journal Article

Cellular changes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in hyperoxia-induced lung injury

HE Xinbiao, ZHAO Wei

Journal Article

Beneficial metabolic activities of inflammatory cytokine interleukin 15 in obesity and type 2 diabetes

Jianping Ye

Journal Article

electron transfer and its application in dictating routes of biochemical processes associated with metabolic

Journal Article

Fibroblast growth factor 21: a novel metabolic regulator from pharmacology to physiology

Huating Li, Jing Zhang, Weiping Jia

Journal Article

Elucidate long-term changes of ozone in Shanghai based on an integrated machine learning method

Journal Article

Metformin and metabolic diseases: a focus on hepatic aspects

Juan Zheng,Shih-Lung Woo,Xiang Hu,Rachel Botchlett,Lulu Chen,Yuqing Huo,Chaodong Wu

Journal Article

denitrification system with short-term pyridine exposure: Process capability, inhibition kinetics and metabolic

Journal Article

Water-dispersible nano-pollutions reshape microbial metabolism in type-specific manners: A metabolic

Journal Article

The FGF metabolic axis

Xiaokun Li

Journal Article

From gut changes to type 2 diabetes remission after gastric bypass surgeries

Bing Li, Xinrong Zhou, Jiarui Wu, Huarong Zhou

Journal Article

Study on microbial protein and the mechanism of solid-state fermentation with periodical dynamic changes

FU Xiaoguo, CHEN Hongzhang, LI Hongqiang, MA Runyu

Journal Article

Regulation of T cell immunity by cellular metabolism

Zhilin Hu, Qiang Zou, Bing Su

Journal Article